Journal: Anaesthesia and Intensive Care

Article Title: Transtracheal flow-regulated oxygen insufflation—a simple and safe method for prolonging safe apnoea time in difficult airway management: A report of two cases

doi: 10.1177/0310057x19886868

Figure Lengend Snippet: Figure 6. Enk Oxygen Flow Modulator (Cook Medical Inc., Bloomington, IN, USA).

Article Snippet: Once the patient was anaesthetised, apnoeic oxygenation was provided via the Enk Oxygen Flow Modulator (Cook Medical Inc., Bloomington, IN, USA) (Figure 6) with a technique similar to that described for Case 1.

Techniques:

Journal: PLoS ONE

Article Title: Mammal-Like Organization of the Avian Midbrain Central Gray and a Reappraisal of the Intercollicular Nucleus

doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0020720

Figure Lengend Snippet: A, Immunoreactive label for β-endorphin (β-END; red), neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS; green) and vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP; blue) at a mid-rostral level of the midbrain. A distinct cluster of VIP-ir cells is observed in the medial CG (arrowheads) while a discrete cluster of nNOS-ir cells is found in the lateral CG/ICo (asterisk). Diffuse immunoreactive label for VIP and nNOS is present in the dorsomedial CG (arrows, see also B). β-END-ir fibers clearly define MLd at this midbrain level, yet diffuse β-END-ir fibers can be observed in lateral ICo at both rostral and mid-rostral levels (see ). B, A higher magnification of the VIP-ir cells and fibers and nNOS-ir cells in the dorsomedial CG that were highlighted by arrows in A. Many cells within this region are co-labeled by α-VIP and α-nNOS (white arrowheads). C, D Immunoreactive label for enkephalin (ENK; red) and substance P (SP; blue) in the lateral CG/ICo at a mid-rostral (C) and caudal (D) level of the midbrain. Note that at the caudal level, ENK-ir and SP-ir extend to the midline, with ENK-ir being more prominent. See for abbreviations. Scale bar in A, C and D = 500 µm. Scale bar in B = 200 µm.

Article Snippet: For zebra finch tissue, we used various combinations of the TH, nNOS, ENK and SP antibodies listed above, plus guinea pig anti-β-END (Bachem), and both rabbit and guinea pig anti-VIP (Bachem).

Techniques: Labeling

Journal: PLoS ONE

Article Title: Mammal-Like Organization of the Avian Midbrain Central Gray and a Reappraisal of the Intercollicular Nucleus

doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0020720

Figure Lengend Snippet: The distribution of substance P (SP), vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) and neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) are shown at three rostrocaudal midbrain levels on the left while enkephalin (ENK) and tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) are shown on the right. A legend is shown at the top. The density of dots for SP-ir and x's for ENK-ir correspond to the intensity of immunoreactive fibers. Areas of the avian CG and ICo that are hypothesized to correspond to specific PAG columns in mammals are indicated in bold type at each rostrocaudal level. Note that for each neuropeptide or neuromodulator examined, each is found in a specific mediolateral position that is comparable across the different rostrocaudal levels, suggesting a longitudinal organization of neuropeptides and neuromodulators within the avian midbrain.

Article Snippet: For zebra finch tissue, we used various combinations of the TH, nNOS, ENK and SP antibodies listed above, plus guinea pig anti-β-END (Bachem), and both rabbit and guinea pig anti-VIP (Bachem).

Techniques: